17. Biotechnology

Describe the process of fermentation. What is the procedure for using a fermenter?

Fermentation involves several stages, and the procedure for using a fermenter is carefully controlled to maximize yield: Process of Fermentation: Preparation: A nutrient-rich medium (usually containing sugars, nitrogen sources, vitamins, and minerals) is prepared for the microorganisms. Inoculation: A small amount of the microorganism (yeast, bacteria, etc.) is introduced into the medium. Fermentation: The microorganisms … Read more

Describe fermentation in yeast and bacteria.

Fermentation is a metabolic process in which microorganisms like yeast and bacteria convert sugars into other compounds, such as alcohol, acids, and gases, under anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions. Fermentation in Yeast: Yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is commonly used in fermentation for the production of alcohol and bread. When yeast ferments sugars like glucose, it produces … Read more

What is the importance of biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop products and processes that improve our quality of life. Its importance can be seen in several key areas: Medical Advances: Biotechnology has led to the development of life-saving treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. It plays a significant role in gene therapy, tissue … Read more

The flowchart is showing anaerobic respiration. Identify the processes A, B, and C. Name the products (i) and (ii) produced by these processes.

In anaerobic respiration, common processes include: A: Glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate). B: Fermentation (conversion of pyruvate to products like ethanol or lactic acid). C: End product formation, such as ethanol (in yeast) or lactic acid (in muscles or bacteria). The products could be: (i) Ethanol or Lactic Acid. (ii) Carbon dioxide or … Read more

The diagram shows an important step of genetic engineering. Name the structures P, Q, and R. What is the next step of this process?

Without the diagram, I can only give a general answer. Typically, in genetic engineering: P could be a plasmid (a vector used to transfer genes). Q could be a gene of interest that is to be inserted. R could be a restriction enzyme used to cut the DNA at specific points. The next step is … Read more

Yogurt manufacture requires a temperature of around 40°C. Explain precisely why this is the best temperature to use.

A temperature of 40°C is ideal because it is optimal for the growth of the bacteria used in yogurt production (Lactobacillus species), allowing them to ferment the milk and produce lactic acid, which gives yogurt its texture and tangy flavor Related Questions: Name the organism used in fermentation for making bread, alcohol, cheese, and yogurt. … Read more

Give three examples of traditional foods made with the help of microbes.

Bread, cheese, and yogurt are traditional foods made with the help of microbes. Microbes are involved in baking and dairy products: Baking: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used in bread making. Dairy products: Bacteria like Lactobacillus and Streptococcus are involved in yogurt and cheese production. Source of the sugars that are fermented in brewing: The sugars … Read more

Microbes are commonly used in biotechnology. What are the advantages of each of them?

Microbes can reproduce quickly: They have a rapid growth rate, making them ideal for industrial processes. Microbes can grow easily on waste material: They can metabolize a variety of organic substances, including waste, reducing environmental pollution. Microbes are very efficient protein producers: Microbes can produce large amounts of proteins, enzymes, and other products quickly and … Read more

How has genetic engineering improved the quality of agricultural yield?

Genetic engineering has improved agricultural yield by creating genetically modified crops that are resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental conditions, and by increasing tolerance to herbicides and enhancing nutritional content. Related Questions: Name the organism used in fermentation for making bread, alcohol, cheese, and yogurt. Name the medical products produced by large-scale fermentation. Name the … Read more

Name the medical products produced by large-scale fermentation.

Antibiotics (e.g., penicillin), insulin, and vaccines are produced by large-scale fermentation. Related Questions: Name the organism used in fermentation for making bread, alcohol, cheese, and yogurt. Name the structure through which the exchange of gases can take place in plants. Name the ways through which a plant can obtain oxygen. Why should one not sleep … Read more