a) Anatomy and Morphology: Anatomy deals with internal structures, while morphology focuses on external structures.
b) Cytology and Genetics: Cytology is the study of cells, while genetics focuses on heredity and variation.
c) Biotechnology and Immunology: Biotechnology involves genetic modification, while immunology studies immune responses.
d) Marine Biology and Ecology: Marine biology studies ocean life, while ecology studies relationships between organisms and their environment.