State the ways that equilibrium can be recognized.

Ways to recognize equilibrium:

Equilibrium can be recognized by the following characteristics:

1. Constant macroscopic properties: Observable properties like color, pressure, and concentration remain constant at equilibrium.

2. Equal forward and reverse reaction rates: The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

3. Dynamic nature: Molecules continue to react, but there is no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.

4. Closed system: Equilibrium occurs in a closed system where no substances enter or leave.

 

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