What is a control structure? Explain the conditional control structure with examples.

A control structure in programming refers to a block of code that determines the flow of execution depending on certain conditions. These structures allow the program to make decisions, repeat code, or select among various alternatives. Control structures are classified into three main types: sequential, selection, and iteration. Selection structures are used when you need to make decisions based on certain conditions, and conditional control structures specifically deal with decisions that depend on conditions being true or false.

The most common conditional control structures are:

  • if statement: Executes a block of code if a condition is true.
  • if-else statement: Executes one block of code if the condition is true, and another if the condition is false.
  • else-if ladder: Allows checking multiple conditions sequentially.
  • switch statement: Allows testing a variable against multiple constant values.

Example of if statement:

if (age > 18) {
printf("Adult");
}

Example of if-else statement:

if (age > 18)
{
printf("Adult");
} else {
printf("Not an Adult");
}

Example of switch statement:

switch (day) {
case 1:
printf("Monday");
break;
case 2:
printf("Tuesday");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid Day");
}

Related Questions:

  1. What is the purpose of the switch() statement? Explain with the help of one example.
  2. Differentiate between if and if-else selection structures.
  3. Differentiate between else-if and switch selection structures. 
  4. What is a nested selection structure?
  5. Write the following statement using the if-else statement.
  6. Write the following statement using the conditional operator.
  7. What will be the output of the following code?
  8. What will be the output of the following code?
  9. Describe the concept of functions in C and explain different types of functions.
  10. What is dynamic memory allocation in C? Explain malloc(), calloc(), and free() functions with examples.
  11. Why is a format specifier used? Explain with examples.
  12. Why is an escape sequence used? Explain with examples.
  13. What is the purpose of the printf() function? Explain with an example.
  14. Differentiate between printf() and scanf() functions.
  15. Evaluate the following expressions:
  16. What will be the output of the following program?
  17. What will be the output of the following program?
  18. Describe how basic and compound assignment operators are used.
  19. Describe the functions of the following operators:
  20. What is the difference between an integer and a floating-point number in C?