Define elasticity and elastic limit. Show that a force may produce a change in the size and shape of solids.

Elasticity refers to the ability of a material to return to its original shape and size after being deformed by an external force. When the force is removed, the material will regain its original dimensions if the deformation is within the material’s elastic limit.

Elastic limit is the maximum amount of stress or strain that a material can endure without undergoing permanent deformation. Beyond this limit, the material will not return to its original shape and size.

Showing that a force can produce a change in size and shape of solids:

When a force is applied to a solid object, it can lead to deformation. For example:

  • Tensile force (pulling force) stretches the material, causing it to increase in length. If the material is within its elastic limit, it will return to its original length once the force is removed.
  • Compressive force (pushing force) shortens the material, decreasing its length.
  • Shear force (sideways force) can cause the material to change shape, such as twisting or bending.

In each case, if the applied force is within the material’s elastic limit, the solid will deform and then return to its original state when the force is removed. If the force exceeds the elastic limit, permanent deformation occurs, and the solid will not return to its original shape or size.

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