Draw a vertical section of brain, label it. write the functions of each part?

The human brain is a complex organ with multiple regions, each having distinct functions. It can be broadly divided into three main parts:

1. Cerebrum (Forebrain)

  • Largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, reasoning, and memory.

  • Divided into two hemispheres: Left Hemisphere (dominant in language and logic) and Right Hemisphere (dominant in creativity, spatial awareness).

  • Cortex (Gray Matter): The outer layer of the cerebrum, responsible for voluntary actions, sensory perception, and complex cognitive tasks. The cortex is divided into lobes:

    • Frontal Lobe: Involved in decision-making, motor control, and personality.
    • Parietal Lobe: Handles sensory input, spatial orientation, and body awareness.
    • Temporal Lobe: Important for processing auditory information and memory.
    • Occipital Lobe: Responsible for vision processing.

  • White Matter: Beneath the cortex, consists of nerve fibers that transmit signals between different parts of the brain.

2. Cerebellum

  • Located at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum.
  • Coordinates motor control, balance, and posture.
  • Plays a role in motor learning and fine-tuning voluntary movements.

3. Brainstem

  • Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions such as heart rate, breathing, and sleep cycles.
  • Composed of three main parts:
    • Midbrain: Involved in visual and auditory processing, motor control.
    • Pons: Relays signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum; involved in sleep regulation.
    • Medulla Oblongata: Controls autonomic functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

Limbic System

  • A set of structures involved in emotion, memory, and arousal:
    • Amygdala: Emotion processing and memory formation.
    • Hippocampus: Key for learning and memory.
    • Thalamus: Relays sensory information to the appropriate areas of the brain.
    • Hypothalamus: Regulates homeostasis, including hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

Other Structures

  • Corpus Callosum: A bundle of nerve fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum.
  • Ventricles: Fluid-filled cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which cushions the brain.

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