Total Marks: 65 | Time: 2 Hours
Section A
Multiple Choice Questions (12 Marks)
(Attempt all questions)
1. The study of fungi is known as:
a) Botany
b) Mycology
c) Virology
d) Microbiology
2. Which organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins?
a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Ribosome
d) Lysosome
3. The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is:
a) Axon
b) Neuron
c) Synapse
d) Dendrite
4. Which of the following is an example of a protein?
a) Glucose
b) Insulin
c) Cellulose
d) Fatty acid
5. What is the main function of the large intestine?
a) Digestion of food
b) Absorption of nutrients
c) Absorption of water
d) Protein synthesis
6. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
7. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
a) Thyroxine
b) Insulin
c) Adrenaline
d) Estrogen
8. The enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose is:
a) Pepsin
b) Amylase
c) Trypsin
d) Lipase
9. The smallest bones in the human body are found in the:
a) Hand
b) Ear
c) Foot
d) Nose
10. Which part of the brain controls body temperature?
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Hypothalamus
c) Cerebellum
d) Cerebrum
11. The process of conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria is called:
a) Nitrification
b) Denitrification
c) Nitrogen fixation
d) Ammonification
12. What is the main function of phloem in plants?
a) Transport of water
b) Transport of food
c) Absorption of minerals
d) Exchange of gases
Section B
Short Answer Questions (33 Marks)
(Attempt any 11 questions. All questions carry equal marks.)
1. What are pathogens? Give two examples.
2. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
3. Explain the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
4. How do vaccines work in providing immunity?
5. Describe the functions of the human liver.
6. What is the role of hemoglobin in the circulatory system?
7. Define biodiversity and explain its importance.
8. What is meant by the term “biological classification”?
9. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats.
10. Explain the structure and function of villi in the small intestine.
11. What are the components of the central nervous system?
12. How do guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata?
13. Define mutualism and give two examples.
14. What is sustainable development? Why is it important?
15. Explain how biotechnology is used in medicine.
Section C
Long Answer Questions (20 Marks)
(Attempt any 2 questions. All questions carry equal marks.)
Q1.
a) Define meiosis and describe its significance.
b) Explain the different stages of meiosis.
c) How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
Q2.
a) What is the carbon cycle? Explain its importance.
b) How does human activity affect the carbon cycle?
c) Suggest ways to reduce carbon emissions.
Q3.
a) What are endocrine glands? Name any four.
b) Explain the role of the pituitary gland in human growth.
c) How does the pancreas help regulate blood sugar?