Describe the process of gaseous exchange in plants.

Gaseous exchange in plants occurs mainly through the stomata, tiny pores on the surface of leaves and other aerial parts of the plant. During the day, photosynthesis takes place, and plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere and release oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct. Oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis, and its release helps in maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere.
At night, when photosynthesis ceases, plants continue to respire. In respiration, oxygen is consumed, and carbon dioxide is released. This occurs through the same stomatal pores. Gas exchange is driven by diffusion, where gases move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Stomata play a key role in balancing the intake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen.

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