What are the diagnostic characteristics of the four kingdoms of domain Eukarya?

Diagnostic Characteristics of the Four Kingdoms of Domain Eukarya

The Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotic organisms, which have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles. It is divided into four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Kingdom Cell Type & Structure Mode of Nutrition Reproduction Mobility Examples
Protista Unicellular or simple multicellular, eukaryotic Autotrophic (photosynthetic) or heterotrophic Mostly asexual, some sexual Some are motile (using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia) Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Algae
Fungi Multicellular (except yeast), eukaryotic, with chitin cell walls Heterotrophic (saprophytic or parasitic) Both sexual and asexual (spores) Non-motile Mushrooms, Yeast, Molds
Plantae Multicellular, eukaryotic, with cellulose cell walls and chloroplasts Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Both sexual (seeds/spores) and asexual (vegetative propagation) Non-motile Ferns, Mosses, Flowering plants (Angiosperms), Conifers (Gymnosperms)
Animalia Multicellular, eukaryotic, no cell wall Heterotrophic (ingestion) Mostly sexual reproduction Motile (muscular & nervous system) Insects, Mammals, Birds, Fish, Amphibians

Summary:

  • Protista: Simple eukaryotic organisms, some autotrophic, some heterotrophic.
  • Fungi: Multicellular (except yeast), saprophytic, with chitin cell walls.
  • Plantae: Multicellular, autotrophic (photosynthesis), with cellulose cell walls.
  • Animalia: Multicellular, heterotrophic (ingestion), and motile.

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